Review Series 10.1172/JCI129193

Interorgan communication by exosomes, adipose tissue, and adiponectin in metabolic syndrome

Shunbun Kita,1,2 Norikazu Maeda,1,3 and Iichiro Shimomura1

1Department of Metabolic Medicine,

2Department of Adipose Management, and

3Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Address correspondence to: Shunbun Kita, Department of Metabolic Medicine and Department of Adipose Tissue Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Phone: 81.6.6879.3737; Email: shunkita@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp. Or to: Iichiro Shimomura, Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Phone: 81.6.6879.3744; Email: ichi@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Find articles by Kita, S. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Metabolic Medicine,

2Department of Adipose Management, and

3Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Address correspondence to: Shunbun Kita, Department of Metabolic Medicine and Department of Adipose Tissue Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Phone: 81.6.6879.3737; Email: shunkita@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp. Or to: Iichiro Shimomura, Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Phone: 81.6.6879.3744; Email: ichi@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Find articles by Maeda, N. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Metabolic Medicine,

2Department of Adipose Management, and

3Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.

Address correspondence to: Shunbun Kita, Department of Metabolic Medicine and Department of Adipose Tissue Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Phone: 81.6.6879.3737; Email: shunkita@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp. Or to: Iichiro Shimomura, Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. Phone: 81.6.6879.3744; Email: ichi@endmet.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.

Find articles by Shimomura, I. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar

First published September 4, 2019 - More info

Published in Volume 129, Issue 10 on October 1, 2019
J Clin Invest. 2019;129(10):4041–4049. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI129193.
© 2019 American Society for Clinical Investigation
First published September 4, 2019 - Version history

Adipose tissue plays important roles in regulating whole-body energy metabolism through its storage function in white adipocytes and its dissipating function in brown and beige adipocytes. Adipose tissue also produces a variety of secreted factors called adipocytokines, including leptin and adiponectin. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested the important roles of extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin termed exosomes, which are secreted from adipocytes and other cells in adipose tissue and influence whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism. Adiponectin is known to be a pleiotropic organ-protective protein that is exclusively produced by adipocytes and decreased in obesity. Adiponectin accumulates in tissues such as heart, muscle, and vascular endothelium through binding with T-cadherin, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored (GPI-anchored) cadherin. Recently, adiponectin was found to enhance exosome biogenesis and secretion, leading to a decrease in cellular ceramides, excess of which is known to cause insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease phenotypes. These findings support the hypothesis that adipose tissue metabolism systemically regulates exosome production and whole-body metabolism through exosomes. This review focuses on intra-adipose and interorgan communication by exosomes, adiponectin-stimulated exosome production, and their dysregulation in metabolic diseases.

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