Newly identified T cell subsets in mechanistic studies of food immunotherapy
Vanitha Sampath1 and Kari C. Nadeau1,2
1Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and
2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Address correspondence to: Kari C. Nadeau, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3215, MC 5366, Stanford, California 94305-5101, USA. Phone: 650.498.6073; Email: knadeau@stanford.edu.
Find articles by Sampath, V. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
1Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and
2Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Address correspondence to: Kari C. Nadeau, Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University, 269 Campus Drive, CCSR 3215, MC 5366, Stanford, California 94305-5101, USA. Phone: 650.498.6073; Email: knadeau@stanford.edu.
Find articles by Nadeau, K. in: JCI | PubMed | Google Scholar
First published April 1, 2019 - More info
J Clin Invest. 2019;129(4):1431–1440. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI124605.
© 2019 American Society for Clinical Investigation
Allergen-specific immunotherapy has shown promise for the treatment of food allergy and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Although immunotherapy can induce desensitization, the mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understood. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies along with concomitant advances in data analytics have enabled monitoring of cells at the single-cell level and increased the research focus on upstream cellular factors involved in the efficacy of immunotherapy, particularly the role of T cells. As our appreciation of different T cell subsets and their plasticity increases, the initial simplistic view that restoring Th1/Th2 balance by decreasing Th2 or increasing Th1 responses can ameliorate food allergy is being enhanced by a more complex model involving other T cell subsets, particularly Tregs. In this Review, we focus on the current understanding of T cell functions in food allergy, tolerance, and immunotherapy.
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