The relationship between bone and the kidney in renal osteodystrophy is a complex
interplay of kidney to bone connections, bone to kidney connections, and cell to cell
connections. In addition, such interactions have a profound effect on the vasculature. In this
review, we discuss the role of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the skeleton,
kidney, and vasculature. In addition, we propose that deficiencies of these BMPs seen in
chronic kidney disease (CKD) result in decreased bone remodeling and a compensatory …