Chronic administration of ethanol results in the development of tolerance and dependence. The molecular mechanism underlying these behavioral actions of ethanol is poorly understood. Several lines of evidence have suggested that some of the pharmacological actions of ethanol are mediated via a potentiation of GABAergic transmission. Chronic ethanol administration results in a reduction in the GABA_A receptor‐mediated ³⁶Cl⁻ uptake in cortical synaptoneurosomes and primary cultured neurons. We and others have shown that it also results in a 40‐50% reduction in GABA_A receptor α‐subunit mRNA levels in the rat cerebral cortex. In the present study, we investigated the expression of α₁, α₂, and α₃ subunits of the GABA_A receptor in the cerebral cortex and the α₁ subunit in the cerebellum by immunoblotting using polyclonal antibodies raised against α₁‐, α₂‐, and α₃‐subunit polypeptides following chronic ethanol treatment. These results reveal that chronic ethanol administration to rats results in a 61 ± 4% reduction in level of the GABA_A receptor α₁subunit (51 kDa), 47 ± 8% reduction in level of the α₂subunit (53 kDa), and 30 ± 7% reduction in level of the α₃subunit (59 kDa) in the cerebral cortex and a 56 ± 5% reduction in content of the α₁ subunit in the cerebellum. In summary, this ethanol‐induced reduction in content of the GABA_A receptor α subunits may underlie alterations in the GABA_A receptor function and could be related to cellular adaptation to the functional disturbance caused by ethanol.